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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Inclusive Fitness00:57

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Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Genetics of Speciation02:16

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Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
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Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

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The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
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Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli
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Efficiency of indirect selection at selection equilibrium.

B Villanueva1, B W Kennedy

  • 1Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Indirect selection is often less efficient over time than initially predicted. Continued selection changes genetic parameters, reducing indirect selection

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Area of Science:

  • Quantitative genetics
  • Animal breeding
  • Plant breeding

Background:

  • Traditional studies assess indirect selection efficiency based on single-generation responses.
  • Continued selection alters genetic parameters (variances, covariances) due to linkage disequilibrium.
  • These changes can impact the long-term effectiveness of selection strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficiency of indirect selection compared to direct selection under continued selection.
  • To analyze how genetic parameter changes affect the relative efficiency of indirect selection over multiple generations.
  • To determine the conditions under which indirect selection remains superior in the long term.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical modeling of genetic responses under directional and truncation selection.
  • Comparison of the ratio of correlated response to direct response in the limiting situation versus the first generation.
  • Derivation of minimum thresholds for genetic correlation and heritability for sustained indirect selection efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Relative efficiency of indirect selection generally decreases in the limiting situation compared to the first generation.
  • Indirect selection can be less efficient in the long term, even if initially superior.
  • Higher initial genetic correlation and heritability are required for indirect selection to be preferred in the limiting case.

Conclusions:

  • Changes in genetic parameters under continued selection significantly impact indirect selection efficiency.
  • Long-term effectiveness of indirect selection may be overestimated if only single-generation responses are considered.
  • Applications of indirect selection must account for potential efficiency losses due to evolving genetic parameters.