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Quantitative genetic variance associated with chromosomal markers in segregating populations
1Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, 53706, Madison, WI, USA.
Summary
Chromosomal markers accelerate genetic progress in livestock by tracing additive genetic variance. This method effectively links parental traits to progeny, even with markers not at the active locus.
Area of Science:
- Quantitative genetics
- Animal breeding
- Genomic selection
Background:
- Pedigree selection programs aim to accelerate genetic progress for quantitative traits.
- Chromosomal markers offer early information on Mendelian segregation effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To derive theoretical equations for additive genetic variance associated with chromosomal markers.
- To determine the potential effectiveness of marker-assisted selection (MAS).
Main Methods:
- Derived theoretical equations for additive genetic variance at individual and population levels.
- Considered factors like linked quantitative trait loci (QTL), their effects, and recombination rates.
Main Results:
- A significant fraction of chromosome's genetic variance is associated with linked markers in segregating populations.
- For bovine chromosomes, this fraction averages approximately 40% of Mendelian segregation variance.
- Chromosome length significantly impacts expected variance; marker polymorphism and accurate effect estimation are crucial for MAS effectiveness.
Conclusions:
- Chromosomal markers can substantially contribute to genetic gain in livestock breeding.
- Even non-causative markers can exhibit large chromosome substitution effects, highlighting their utility in MAS.
- MAS effectiveness is contingent on marker polymorphism and precise estimation of genetic effects.
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