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A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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The mass-to-charge ratio scale.

R C Dougherty1, A G Marshall, J R Eyler

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, 32306-3006, Tallahassee, FL, USA.

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|November 14, 2013
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate mass spectrometry now allows redefining the gas-phase mass-to-charge ratio scale. Researchers propose using carbon-12 buckminsterfullerene ((12)C60) as the chemical mass standard for both gas and condensed phases.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Advances in mass spectrometry enable higher precision measurements of ion mass-to-charge ratios.
  • Current mass scales require re-evaluation to incorporate these new capabilities.
  • A unified standard for gas and condensed phases is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new standard for the gas-phase mass-to-charge ratio scale.
  • To establish a chemical mass standard based on carbon-12 buckminsterfullerene ((12)C60).
  • To define the connection between gas-phase and condensed-phase mass scales.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing high-accuracy mass measurements of gas-phase ions.
  • Defining the scale based on the mass of (12)C60, electron mass, and electron charge.
  • Proposing specific mass-to-charge ratio values for (12)C60+ and (12)C60-.

Main Results:

  • Proposed (12)C60 as the chemical mass standard for both gas and condensed phases.
  • Defined the gas-phase mass-to-charge ratio scale using (12)C60, electron mass, and electron charge.
  • Set the positive ion scale at (+)719.9994514±0.0000004 u/e for (12)C60+.
  • Set the negative ion scale at (-)720.0005484±0.0000004 u/e for (12)C60-.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed (12)C60 standard offers a robust basis for mass-to-charge ratio measurements.
  • Future improvements in mass accuracy may necessitate corrections related to (12)C60's properties.
  • This standard facilitates a more precise and unified approach to mass determination across different phases.