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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

400
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
400
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

376
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
376
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

868
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
868
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

405
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
405
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

358
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
358
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

387
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
387

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit
06:52

Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit

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Multiple illness perceptions in older adults: effects on physical functioning and medication adherence.

Benjamin Schüz1, Julia K Wolff, Lisa M Warner

  • 1a School of Psychology , University of Tasmania , Hobart , Australia.

Psychology & Health
|November 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Adults over 65 with multiple illnesses perceive their conditions distinctly and combined. Examining all illness perceptions is key to understanding responses to multimorbidity and improving health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Health Psychology
  • Chronic Disease Management

Background:

  • Most adults over 65 experience multimorbidity, yet research often focuses on single illnesses.
  • Understanding how older adults perceive multiple health conditions is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare three models of illness perception in predicting physical functioning and medication adherence among older adults with multimorbidity.
  • To determine the best approach for operationalizing multiple illness perceptions.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study of 215 individuals aged 65-86 with multimorbidity.
  • Participants completed the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) for their two most severe conditions over six months.
  • Physical functioning and medication adherence were assessed as primary outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Factor analysis identified consequences, control, and timeline as key dimensions of illness perception.
  • Combined and main effects models best predicted medication adherence, influenced by timeline and control perceptions.
  • Physical functioning was predicted by interacting control beliefs, peak consequences, and averaged consequences, depending on the model.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults with multimorbidity possess both distinct and integrated perceptions of their various health conditions.
  • Future research should consider perceptions of all illnesses and multimorbidity as a whole entity to better understand patient responses.