Mixed continuous culture experiments with an antibiotic-producing streptomycete andEscherichia coli

Four strains ofStreptomyces aureofaciens capable of producing different amounts of tetracycline have been grown in continuous culture with either of two strains ofEscherichia coli orBacillus pumillus. Each of the bacteria had faster specific growth rates than any of the streptomycetes.E. coli NTCT 5993 had a higher affinity for sucrose than didS. aureofaciens SR 11. In mixed culture experiments, the bacteria displaced the streptomycete under the following conditions: (a) when the streptomycete produced no tetracycline; (b) in tetracycline-producing cultures after a fraction of the bacteria had died-the bacterial population that subsequently developed was resistant to the drug; and (c) when using tetracycline-resistant bacteria. Under nutrient conditions leading to high antibiotic levels, it was possible to kill all the bacteria, and the streptomycete survived after a transient fall in mycelium and tetracycline levels. No stable mixed population was ever seen. Once tetracycline-resistant bacteria had displaced the streptomycete, and tetracycline concentrations had fallen, a sensitive bacterial population reappeared. Competition between sensitive and resistantE. coli NCTC 5993 in the chemostat confirmed the selective advantage of the sensitive strain. Results were discussed in terms of the role of antibiotics in nature.