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Two novel spiroplasma strains were discovered in beetles, with potential for biological control. One strain, from Colorado potato beetles, was unculturable, while the other, from green June beetles, was readily cultured and identified as a new serogroup.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Entomology
  • Biological Control

Background:

  • Spiroplasma are helical, wall-less prokaryotes causing diseases in plants, arthropods, and vertebrates.
  • The search for microbial agents for biological control of coleopterous insects led to the discovery of two novel spiroplasmas in beetles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize spiroplasmas from beetles for potential biological control applications.
  • To investigate the cultivability, serological distinctiveness, and potential pathogenicity of newly discovered spiroplasma strains.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and identification of spiroplasmas from infected Colorado potato beetles (CPB) and green June beetles (Cotinus nitida).
  • Cultivation attempts using conventional spiroplasma media and SM-1 formulation.
  • Serological testing to determine the relationship of the CN-5 spiroplasma to existing serogroups.
  • Observation of motility in natural fluids and culture media.

Main Results:

  • A spiroplasma was found in CPB, prevalent in gut fluids and sputum, but unculturable in standard media.
  • A second spiroplasma (CN-5) associated with green June beetles was readily cultured and serologically distinct, representing a new serogroup (IX).
  • Both spiroplasmas exhibited active motility; CN-5 motility was observed in culture media.
  • Neither spiroplasma showed evidence of pathogenicity to its natural host, but spiroplasma pathogenicity to other insects suggests biological control potential.

Conclusions:

  • Two distinct spiroplasma strains were identified in beetles, one of which represents a new serogroup.
  • The cultivability and distinct serological profile of the CN-5 spiroplasma highlight its novelty.
  • The motility and known pathogenicity of spiroplasmas suggest potential for developing biological control agents against economically important insects.