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Positional variation in phylloplane microbial populations within an apple tree canopy.

J H Andrews1, C M Kenerley, E V Nordheim

  • 1Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, 53706, Madison, Wisconsin.

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Epiphytic yeast and filamentous fungi populations on apple leaves are significantly influenced by tree height and canopy position. Bacterial distribution showed less clear trends but also varied with location.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial Ecology
  • Plant Pathology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • The phylloplane harbors diverse microbial communities, including yeasts, filamentous fungi, and bacteria.
  • Understanding microbial distribution on plant surfaces is crucial for plant health and disease management.
  • Positional factors within the plant canopy may influence microbial colonization and density.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the variation in epiphytic yeast, filamentous fungi, and bacterial densities on apple leaves.
  • To determine the influence of positional factors (height, compass direction, canopy proximity) on microbial populations.
  • To assess the implications for experimental design and phylloplane microbial ecology.

Main Methods:

  • Sampling of apple leaves from eight trees across nine dates over two seasons.
  • Analysis of microbial densities (yeasts, filamentous fungi, bacteria) using univariate analyses of variance.
  • Inclusion of positional factors (height, direction, lateral proximity) and their interactions in the statistical model.

Main Results:

  • Height and lateral position within the canopy were significant factors influencing yeast and filamentous fungi densities (p<0.05).
  • Bacterial distribution showed less distinct trends, with all three positional factors and some interactions appearing important.
  • No significant linear association was observed between densities of most microbial pairs.

Conclusions:

  • Positional factors significantly impact the distribution of epiphytic microorganisms on apple leaves.
  • Experimental designs studying phylloplane communities should account for canopy height and lateral position.
  • These findings contribute to a better understanding of microbial community structure in the phylloplane environment.