Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs01:15

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs

422
Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
422
Crossover Experiments01:16

Crossover Experiments

3.4K
Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
3.4K
Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

24.6K
Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
24.6K
Monohybrid Crosses01:20

Monohybrid Crosses

215.2K
Overview
215.2K
Monohybrid Crosses01:20

Monohybrid Crosses

8.2K
8.2K
Dihybrid Crosses01:18

Dihybrid Crosses

61.4K
Overview
61.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Considering community care in public health responses: A national study regarding palliative care during a prolonged coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown.

Australian and New Zealand journal of public health·2023
Same author

Proton beam radiotherapy for choroidal and ciliary body melanoma in the UK-national audit of referral patterns of 1084 cases.

Eye (London, England)·2022
Same author

An image-based eyelid lesion management service-evaluation of a pilot.

Eye (London, England)·2021
Same author

Dear Doctor.

The Dental register·2021
Same author

International Federation for Emergency Medicine Consensus Statement: Sonography in hypotension and cardiac arrest (SHoC): An international consensus on the use of point of care ultrasound for undifferentiated hypotension and during cardiac arrest - CORRIGENDUM.

CJEM·2017
Same author

Detecting peatland drains with Object Based Image Analysis and Geoeye-1 imagery.

Carbon balance and management·2017
Same journal

Combined genome and transcriptome analysis of boll weight and lint percentage traits in Gossypium barbadense.

TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik·2026
Same journal

The allelic variation of anthocyanidin reductase underlies anthocyanin biosynthesis and purple leaf trait in Brassica napus.

TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik·2026
Same journal

Unveiling core genomic regions shaping plant architecture, productivity, and seed quality traits in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): insights from Meta-QTL study into breeding targets.

TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik·2026
Same journal

Watkins wheat landraces: a treasure of stripe rust resistance alleles identified using multi-model association analyses.

TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik·2026
Same journal

Selection of four mutant alleles of fatty acid desaturase genes for a stable high oleic and low linolenic acid soybean seed oil trait.

TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik·2026
Same journal

Harnessing artificial intelligence in plant breeding: innovations in digital phenotyping and breeding methodologies.

TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Characterization of Complex Systems Using the Design of Experiments Approach: Transient Protein Expression in Tobacco as a Case Study
20:24

Characterization of Complex Systems Using the Design of Experiments Approach: Transient Protein Expression in Tobacco as a Case Study

Published on: January 31, 2014

16.3K

Efficient design of crossbreeding experiments.

E P Cunningham1, J Connolly

  • 1Trinity College, 2, Dublin, Ireland.

TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik
|November 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optimal experimental designs for livestock breeding trials prioritize allocating resources to parental breeds and F1 generations for accurate estimation of additive (A) and heterotic (H) effects. Including F2 populations offers insights into epistatic effects (E) with minimal impact on A and H estimates.

More Related Videos

Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi
06:44

Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi

Published on: October 5, 2018

7.1K
Efficient Sampling of Genetically Encoded Biosensor Design Space Enabled with a Design of Experiments and Automation Workflow
08:58

Efficient Sampling of Genetically Encoded Biosensor Design Space Enabled with a Design of Experiments and Automation Workflow

Published on: October 17, 2025

850

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Characterization of Complex Systems Using the Design of Experiments Approach: Transient Protein Expression in Tobacco as a Case Study
20:24

Characterization of Complex Systems Using the Design of Experiments Approach: Transient Protein Expression in Tobacco as a Case Study

Published on: January 31, 2014

16.3K
Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi
06:44

Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi

Published on: October 5, 2018

7.1K
Efficient Sampling of Genetically Encoded Biosensor Design Space Enabled with a Design of Experiments and Automation Workflow
08:58

Efficient Sampling of Genetically Encoded Biosensor Design Space Enabled with a Design of Experiments and Automation Workflow

Published on: October 17, 2025

850

Area of Science:

  • Animal breeding and genetics
  • Quantitative genetics
  • Experimental design

Background:

  • Estimating genetic effects (additive, heterotic, epistatic) is crucial for livestock breeding programs.
  • Different experimental designs and resource allocations can impact the precision of these estimates.
  • Understanding optimal designs is key for efficient crossbreeding trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficiency of various experimental configurations for estimating additive (A) and heterotic (H) effects in crossbreeding studies.
  • To determine optimal resource allocation across different population groups (parental, F1, F2, backcrosses).
  • To assess the impact of including epistatic (E) and maternal effects on estimation efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of resource allocation efficiencies across six groups: two parental breeds, F1, F2, and two backcrosses.
  • Modeling of additive, heterotic, epistatic, and maternal effects.
  • Comparison of precision for estimating genetic effects under different experimental designs.

Main Results:

  • Optimal resource allocation for estimating A and H involves prioritizing parental breeds and F1 (35%, 35%, 30%).
  • An experimental size of 250-300 individuals is often practical.
  • Reallocating resources to F2 for epistatic (E) effect estimation causes minor precision loss for A and H.
  • Including maternal effects significantly reduces estimation efficiency for A and H.

Conclusions:

  • The optimal design for estimating additive and heterotic effects involves specific proportions of parental and F1 populations.
  • Alternative designs are less efficient, requiring more resources for similar precision.
  • Incorporating F2 populations allows for epistatic effect estimation with minimal compromise on additive and heterotic estimates.
  • Findings are relevant for planning livestock crossbreeding trials, especially involving local and exotic breeds.