Gender differences in fat distribution and inflammatory markers among Arabs

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Human Physiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Recent Gulf region studies indicate women face a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MeS) than men.
• Understanding gender-specific physiological differences is crucial for addressing MeS prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine gender disparities in body composition, adipokines, inflammatory markers, and aerobic fitness among healthy Qatari adults.
• To identify factors contributing to the elevated MeS risk observed in women.

Main Methods:

• Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computerized tomography for body composition and fat distribution.
• Laboratory analysis of fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profiles, adipokines, and inflammatory markers.
• Assessment of aerobic fitness levels in participants.

Main Results:

• Women exhibited greater abdominal adipose tissue (total and subcutaneous) compared to men.
• Women had higher serum adiponectin and leptin levels, a more favorable lipid profile, but lower aerobic fitness.
• Insulin sensitivity and inflammatory markers did not differ significantly between genders.

Conclusions:

• Despite higher adiposity, premenopausal women maintained insulin sensitivity and normolipidemia, potentially due to elevated adiponectin.
• Reduced aerobic fitness coupled with abdominal fat accumulation in women may underlie their increased future risk of metabolic syndrome compared to men.