A rat model against chemotherapy plus radiation-induced oral mucositis
Alkesh Patel1, S Rajesh, V M Chandrashekhar
1Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
Objectives:
Present study was aimed at developing an experimental model of oral mucositis in rats using a combination of chemotherapeutic agent and radiation.
Study Design:
Female Wistar rats (150-200 g) were divided into 3 groups (n = 6). Rats in group 1 (normal control) and group 2 (mucositis control) were treated with vehicle. Rats in group 3 were treated with l-glutamine (1 g/kg, p.o.; 15 days) before and after mucositis induction. Oral mucositis was induced by busulfan (6 mg/kg, p.o.; 4 days) and the tongue exposed to infrared (IR) radiation of intensity 40 mV/cm(2) for 5 s on the 1st, 4th and 10th days of challenge using a tail flick apparatus. Parameters monitored were body weight, food intake, blood count and survival. Oral mucositis score (OMS) was recorded daily. Histological changes of the irradiated tongue were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.
Results:
Busulfan and IR radiation significantly reduced body weight and food intake of the mucositis control group as compared to normal control. Clear ulceration of the tongue reflected in the OMS. Histopathology of the tongue revealed intense lymphocytic infiltration, decreased thickness of squamous epithelial cell layer, decrease in number of blood vessels, and necrosis of cells along with pseudo-membrane formation in the mucositis control group. These findings suggested that oral mucositis was successfully induced and treatment with l-glutamine partially reversed these conditions.
Conclusion:
Oral mucositis was established successfully in rats by the combination of chemotherapeutic agent and IR radiation. This may be a useful model for screening drugs in the treatment of oral mucositis.
