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Thyroid function in gestational trophoblastic tumors.

F Vergadoro, L Tabacchi, P Barbacini

    Tumori
    |April 30, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Thyroid function in gestational trophoblastic disease is generally normal, with hormone levels normalizing as human chorionic gonadotropin decreases. This study investigated thyroid function in choriocarcinoma and hydatidiform mole patients.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Reproductive Medicine
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is associated with high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
    • hCG shares structural similarities with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), raising questions about its impact on thyroid function.
    • Previous studies have shown variable effects of GTD on maternal thyroid status.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess thyroid function in patients with choriocarcinoma and hydatidiform mole.
    • To investigate the relationship between thyroid hormone levels, thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in GTD.
    • To compare thyroid function in GTD patients with healthy pregnant women.

    Main Methods:

    • Thyroid function tests including free T3, free T4, TBG, basal TSH, and delta TSH were performed on 15 GTD patients (7 choriocarcinoma, 8 hydatidiform mole).

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  • A control group of healthy pregnant women (first trimester) was used for comparison.
  • Thyroid hormone and TBG levels were re-evaluated as hCG levels decreased.

    • Main Results:

    • Elevated free T3, free T4, and TBG levels were observed in only 13.4% of GTD cases.
    • Basal TSH and delta TSH remained within normal limits for most patients.
    • Thyroid hormones and TBG normalized as hCG became undetectable; one patient was hypothyroid.
    • TBG levels were higher in the control group compared to GTD patients.
    • A significant direct correlation was found between free T3, free T4, TBG, and hCG levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid function is generally preserved in most patients with gestational trophoblastic disease.
    • Transient elevations in thyroid hormones and TBG may occur, correlating with hCG levels.
    • Thyroid function typically normalizes post-treatment as hCG declines.