Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

8.8K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
8.8K
Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane01:12

Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

4.6K
Porins are beta-barrel proteins translocated to the mitochondrial outer membrane through the TOM complex into the intermembrane space. Porin precursors bind TIM chaperones within the intermembrane space and are guided to the Sorting and Assembly Machinery complex or SAM complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Three models describe the assembly of porins by the SAM complex and their insertion into the outer membrane. Model 1 suggests that porins are assembled outside the SAM channel as the...
4.6K
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

4.4K
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
4.4K
Structure of Porins01:21

Structure of Porins

3.1K
Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and gram-negative bacteria have transmembrane, beta-barrel proteins called porins to mediate the free diffusion of ions and metabolites across the membrane. Mitochondrial porin precursors contain conserved amino acid sequences called beta signals at their C-terminal. Beta signals have a  motif of PoXGXXHyXHy (Po-Polar, X-Any amino acid, G-Glycine, Hy-LargeHydrophobic), which are crucial for precursor recognition to initiate precursor assembly. Beta-barrel...
3.1K
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

13.5K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
13.5K
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

4.1K
4.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Clinical anatomy of intrapelvic anastomoses of the obturator artery].

Angiologiia i sosudistaia khirurgiia = Angiology and vascular surgery·2026
Same author

SPECIFICS OF PRESCRIBING ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS IN THE TREATMENT OF HIV INFECTION.

Georgian medical news·2024
Same author

Phase retrieval for arbitrary complex-valued objects using structured illumination.

Optics express·2023
Same author

[The efficiency of various cytokine therapy regimens in the complex treatment of men with chronic abacterial prostatitis].

Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)·2023
Same author

[Evaluation of long-term results of the use of entomological drug in the combination therapy of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic prostatitis].

Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)·2023
Same author

[Our experience of using hexane extract of Serenoa Repens fruit (Permixone) in the treatment of LUTS in clinical practice].

Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue
09:27

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue

Published on: March 23, 2015

39.4K

Protein biosynthesis in mitochondria.

A V Kuzmenko1, S A Levitskii, E N Vinogradova

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia. mail@mail.bio.msu.ru.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
|November 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial translation, the process of synthesizing proteins within eukaryotic mitochondria, remains less understood than cytoplasmic protein biosynthesis. This review highlights its unique features and compares it across various organisms.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Protein Import Capacity of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria
09:01

Measurement of Protein Import Capacity of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria

Published on: January 7, 2022

2.3K
Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells
09:33

Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells

Published on: October 4, 2018

14.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue
09:27

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue

Published on: March 23, 2015

39.4K
Measurement of Protein Import Capacity of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria
09:01

Measurement of Protein Import Capacity of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria

Published on: January 7, 2022

2.3K
Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells
09:33

Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells

Published on: October 4, 2018

14.5K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Protein biosynthesis is crucial for cellular function.
  • Cytoplasmic translation mechanisms in eukaryotes are well-established.
  • Mitochondrial translation presents unique characteristics and is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on mitochondrial translation.
  • To compare mitochondrial translation across different organisms.
  • To highlight differences between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic protein biosynthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on mitochondrial translation.
  • Comparative analysis of mitochondrial translation mechanisms.
  • Focus on unique features of mitochondrial protein synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial translation exhibits distinct features compared to cytoplasmic translation.
  • Variations in mitochondrial translation exist across different species.
  • Key differences in initiation, elongation, and termination are observed.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate mitochondrial translation.
  • Understanding mitochondrial translation is vital for comprehending cellular energy production and disease.
  • Comparative studies reveal conserved and divergent aspects of this essential process.