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A Mediterranean diet with nuts may reduce depression risk, especially for those with type 2 diabetes (DM2). This randomized trial compared Mediterranean diets to a low-fat diet over three years.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Psychiatry
  • Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
  • Clinical Nutrition

Background:

  • Observational studies suggest a link between Mediterranean diet adherence and lower depression risk.
  • Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
  • This study aimed to evaluate Mediterranean diets against a low-fat diet for depression risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of two Mediterranean diets and a low-fat diet on depression risk.
  • To assess the long-term impact (at least 3 years) of dietary interventions on depression incidence.
  • To investigate potential benefits in a high-risk population, including those with type 2 diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter, randomized, primary prevention field trial (PREDIMED Study).
  • Inclusion of community-dwelling adults aged 55-80 years at high cardiovascular risk, with 51% having type 2 diabetes (DM2).
  • Intention-to-treat analysis using Cox regression models to assess depression incidence.

Main Results:

  • A total of 224 new depression cases were identified during follow-up.
  • A Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts showed a non-significant inverse association with depression (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.55 to 1.10).
  • In participants with type 2 diabetes (DM2), the Mediterranean diet with nuts significantly reduced depression risk (HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.98).

Conclusions:

  • A Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts may offer a protective effect against depression.
  • This benefit appears particularly significant for individuals with type 2 diabetes (DM2).
  • Findings support the role of specific dietary patterns in managing mental health conditions.