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Reward sensitivity and anger in euthymic bipolar disorder.

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Individuals with bipolar disorder (BP) exhibit heightened anger and reward sensitivity, even when euthymic. Their learning from reward and punishment is imbalanced, indicating persistent trait differences.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • The behavioral approach system (BAS) model suggests hypersensitivity in bipolar disorder (BP) persists even during euthymic states.
  • This hypersensitivity is theorized to manifest as increased anger and reward sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence of BAS hypersensitivity traits in euthymic bipolar disorder patients.
  • To assess reward sensitivity, anger, and impulsivity in bipolar disorder patients compared to healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the probabilistic classification task (PCT), ultimatum game (UG), and single key impulsivity paradigm (SKIP).
  • Assessed euthymic adult bipolar disorder patients (N=40) and healthy controls (N=41).

Main Results:

  • Bipolar disorder patients rejected moderately unfair offers more frequently than healthy controls in the ultimatum game.
  • While learning abilities were similar, bipolar disorder patients showed a negative correlation between reward and punishment learning, unlike healthy controls.
  • This suggests bipolar disorder patients learn effectively from either reward or punishment, but not both.

Conclusions:

  • Euthymic bipolar disorder patients display residual signs of their disorder.
  • Observed dysregulation in reward and punishment learning, along with heightened anger responses, supports persistent trait differences in bipolar disorder.