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Second ventilatory threshold from heart-rate variability: valid when the upper body is involved?

Laurent Mourot1, Nicolas Fabre, Aldo Savoldelli

  • 1Culture Sport Health Society and Exercise Performance and Health, Innovation Platform, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
|November 16, 2013
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Summary

Accurate heart rate (HR) monitoring during upper-body maximal tests is possible using spectral analysis of heart-rate variability (SA-HRV). A specific time-varying SA-HRV method precisely determines the second ventilatory threshold (VT(2)).

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Determining the second ventilatory threshold (VT(2)) is crucial for optimizing endurance training.
  • Traditional methods for VT(2) assessment often require complex gas-exchange analysis.
  • Heart rate variability (HRV) offers a non-invasive alternative for physiological monitoring during exercise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of four spectral analysis of heart-rate variability (SA-HRV) methods for determining VT(2) during upper-body exercise.
  • To identify the most reliable SA-HRV method for estimating heart rate (HR) at VT(2) in athletes.
  • To compare SA-HRV derived VT(2) with established gas-exchange methods.

Main Methods:

  • Sixteen ski mountaineers underwent a continuous incremental roller-ski test on a treadmill.
  • Respiratory variables and HR were continuously monitored throughout the test.
  • Four SA-HRV techniques were applied and compared against gas-exchange measurements using Bland-Altman analysis.

Main Results:

  • A time-varying SA-HRV method, utilizing a specific high-frequency range and individual respiratory sinus arrhythmia, demonstrated the highest accuracy.
  • This optimal method showed strong correlation (r² = .903) with gas-exchange, with a minimal mean HR difference of 0.1 ± 3.0 beats/min.
  • Three alternative SA-HRV methods yielded significantly larger errors and lower agreement with the reference method.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate estimation of VT(2) using HR monitors is feasible during upper-body incremental exercise.
  • The selection of an appropriate SA-HRV method is critical for reliable VT(2) determination.
  • This finding supports the use of advanced HRV analysis for non-invasive physiological threshold assessment in athletes.