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Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

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Published on: November 8, 2012

Diffusional kurtosis imaging of the developing brain.

A Paydar¹, E Fieremans, J I Nwankwo

¹From the Department of Radiology (A.P., E.F., J.I.N., M.L., H.D.S., V.A., S.S.M.), Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology

|November 16, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Diffusional kurtosis imaging reveals age-related microstructural changes in white and gray matter during human brain development. Mean kurtosis offers a more comprehensive evaluation than fractional anisotropy for tracking maturation.

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Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Developmental Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) extends diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) by incorporating non-Gaussian diffusion effects.
DKI allows for a more detailed characterization of microstructural changes in the brain.

Purpose of the Study:

To utilize DKI to measure age-related microstructural changes in white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) of the developing human brain.
To compare the efficacy of DKI-derived mean kurtosis with DTI-derived fractional anisotropy in assessing brain development.

Main Methods:

DKI was performed on 59 subjects from birth to 4 years 7 months.
Diffusion metrics, including fractional anisotropy and mean kurtosis, were collected from regions of interest in WM and GM structures.
Age-related changes were analyzed, and DKI tractography images were generated.

Main Results:

Both fractional anisotropy and mean kurtosis showed age-related increases in WM, indicating developmental progression, particularly within the first two years.
Mean kurtosis detected ongoing microstructural changes in WM beyond the fractional anisotropy plateau, reflecting delayed isotropic changes.
Mean kurtosis provided enhanced characterization of GM maturation, with significant changes observed where fractional anisotropy showed none.

Conclusions:

Mean kurtosis effectively detects microstructural changes consistent with established patterns of brain maturation.
Compared to fractional anisotropy, mean kurtosis offers a more comprehensive assessment of age-related microstructural changes in both WM and GM.
DKI is a valuable technique for studying brain development.