Anthranilate synthase forms in plants and cultured cells of Nicotiana tabacum L

Tobacco (N. tabacum cv. Xanthi) cell lines contained two forms of anthranilate synthase (AS; EC 4.1.3.27) which could be partially separated by gel-filtration chromatography. One form was resistant to feedback inihibition by 10 μM tryptophan (trp) while the other form was almost completely inhibited by trp at the same concentration. Cell lines selected as resistant to 5-methyltryptophan (5MT) had more of the trp-resistant AS form. Only the trp-sensitive form was detected in plants regenerated from both normal and 5MT-resistant cell lines. Overexpression of the trp-resistant form in 5MT-resistant tobacco cells disappeared during plant regeneration but reappeared when callus was initiated from the leaves of these plants. The trp-sensitive form was localized in the particulate fraction and the trp-resistant form in the cytosol of tobacco cultured cell protoplasts. The trp-resistant form of AS from tobacco had an estimated MW of 200 000, determined by Sephacryl S-200 chromatography, compared to an estimated MW of 150 000 for the trp-sensitive form. The estimated molecular weights of AS from carrot and corn were 160 000 and 150 000, respectively. Analysis of AS activity from the diploid Nicotiana species Nicotiana otophora (chromosome number 2n=24) by high-performance liquid chromatography showed two activity peaks identical in elution time and trp inhibition characteristics to the activity from N. tabacum (chromosome No. 48). Thus the two enzyme forms found in tobacco did not appear to have originated individually from the progenitor species genomes which combined to make up the tobacco genome.