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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

37.5K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
37.5K
Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

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The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
Females, due to their biological roles in conception, pregnancy, and nursing,...
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What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

107.3K
Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
20.2K
Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

30.0K
Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
30.0K
Natural Selection and Adaptation01:15

Natural Selection and Adaptation

1.8K
Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations,...
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Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm
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Population selection to maximize value in an environmental gradient.

J H Roberds1, G Namkoong

  • 1USDA Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Genetics Department, North Carolina State University, Box 7614, 27695-7614, Raleigh, NC, USA.

TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik
|November 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a theory for optimizing planting and breeding zones using Gaussian response functions. Maximum expected value is achieved when selected populations are symmetrically arrayed around the environmental mean.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant science
  • Quantitative genetics
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Optimizing planting and breeding zones is crucial for maximizing crop and tree performance.
  • Environmental gradients significantly influence phenotypic traits.
  • Existing models often lack a robust theoretical framework for zone determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theory for determining optimum planting and breeding zones.
  • To establish methods for selecting populations that maximize expected trait values.
  • To analyze the impact of population number on expected value maximization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a model with Gaussian response functions for traits varying along environmental gradients.
  • Assuming normally distributed environments with known mean and variance.
  • Presenting methods to determine response function parameters for maximizing expected trait values with 2, 3, or 4 populations.

Main Results:

  • Optimal population selection requires response functions symmetrically arrayed around the environmental mean.
  • Maximum expected value increases with the number of selected populations.
  • The rate of increase depends on the ratio of homeostasis to environmental variability.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed theory provides a framework for optimizing breeding and planting strategies.
  • Symmetrical arrangement of populations is key to maximizing genetic gains.
  • Understanding the interplay between homeostasis and environmental variability is vital for effective zone selection.