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Environmentally shifted fluorescence lifetimes for multicomponent phase-modulation fluorimetric analysis.

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  • 1Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Malaga, Spain.

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|November 16, 2013
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Summary

The microenvironment significantly impacts diuretic fluorescence. Solvent polarity affects fluorescence lifetime and phase shifts for furosemide, triamterene, and piretanide, enabling accurate quantification.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Pharmaceutical Analysis

Background:

  • Diuretics like furosemide, triamterene, and piretanide are crucial pharmaceuticals.
  • Understanding their photophysical properties is essential for accurate quantification and quality control.
  • Environmental factors, such as solvent microenvironment, can significantly alter fluorescence behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of microenvironment polarity and viscosity on the fluorescence characteristics of furosemide, triamterene, and piretanide.
  • To develop a robust analytical method for quantifying these diuretics using phase-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.
  • To establish a calibration model for simultaneous or individual determination of the diuretics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a series of organic solvents (methanol, isoamylic alcohol, hexanol) with varying polarities and viscosities.
  • Employed phase-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy to measure fluorescence lifetime and phase shifts.
  • Applied a three-factor, three-level factorial design for method optimization and calibration.
  • Incorporated Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression for data processing and model fitting.

Main Results:

  • Fluorescence lifetime and phase shifts of the diuretics varied significantly with solvent polarity.
  • Furosemide fluorescence lifetime increased from 0.91 to 2.10 ns, triamterene from 4.54 to 4.44 ns, and piretanide from 5.24 to 10.37 ns from methanol to hexanol.
  • Phase shifts at 40 MHz increased substantially with solvent polarity, indicating altered fluorescence dynamics.
  • A calibration matrix was successfully established for the diuretics within specified concentration ranges (10-40 μM for furosemide, 1.5-6 μM for piretanide, 0.1-0.4 μM for triamterene).
  • Recoveries ranged from 88% to 115%, demonstrating method accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • The microenvironment plays a critical role in modulating the fluorescence properties of furosemide, triamterene, and piretanide.
  • Phase-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, coupled with chemometrics, provides a sensitive and selective method for diuretic analysis.
  • The developed method is suitable for the quantification of these diuretics in relevant concentration ranges.