Insulin release has no absolute requirement for extracellular monovalent ions

Current chemiosmotic models of exocytosis ascribe an essential role to the influx of extracellular monovalent anions or cations into the secretory granules apposed to the plasma membrane. These hypotheses were tested by measuring insulin release in sucrose media devoid of monovalent ions. A small response to glucose (25% of controls) was still observed, which could be potentiated by isobutylmethylxanthine and suppressed by cobalt or low temperature. Substitution of Ba2+ for Ca2+ triggered a practically normal release of insulin that was inhibited by blockers of Ca2+ channels (cobalt or D 600) and abolished by low temperature. These results show that insulin release remains possible in the absence of extracellular monovalent ions and, therefore, that the chemiosmotic models of exocytosis do not entirely apply to insulin release.