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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Comparative Anatomy
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Previous acute studies suggested negative pericardial pressure is crucial for elasmobranch cardiac function.
  • The role of pericardial fluid dynamics and the pericardioperitoneal canal (PPC) in vivo was not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that pericardial fluid ejection through the PPC during handling affects measured pericardial pressures in horn sharks.
  • To investigate chronic pericardial pressure regulation in elasmobranchs.

Main Methods:

  • Chronic instrumentation of horn sharks with pericardial catheters.
  • Measurement of pericardial pressures and fluid volumes before, during, and after handling.
  • Infusion of saline into the pericardium to determine PPC opening pressure.

Main Results:

  • Handling horn sharks led to significant pericardial fluid ejection via the PPC, reducing negative pressure.
  • Chronic pressures were less negative and less pulsatile than acute pressures; positive pressures were observed.
  • The PPC opens at a low infusion volume and pressure, indicating a functional regulatory mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • The pericardioperitoneal canal and substantial pericardial fluid volume allow horn sharks to regulate pericardial pressure.
  • Elasmobranch cardiac function may tolerate or utilize non-negative pericardial pressures, challenging previous generalizations.
  • Pulsatility of pericardial pressure is more critical than a consistently negative mean for venous return in elasmobranchs.