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Related Concept Videos

The Resting Membrane Potential01:21

The Resting Membrane Potential

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Resting Membrane Potential01:24

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The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Simultaneous Measurement of Mitochondrial Calcium and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Live Cells by Fluorescent Microscopy
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Absolute spectroscopic determination of cross-membrane potential.

B Ehrenberg1, L M Loew

  • 1Department of Physics, Bar Ilan University, 52-900, Ramat Gan, Israel.

Journal of Fluorescence
|November 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This review covers advanced spectroscopic methods for measuring membrane potential, overcoming limitations of traditional techniques for single-cell analysis and absolute potential determination.

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Spectroscopic methods, including absorption and fluorescence, are established for studying membrane electrical properties noninvasively.
  • Traditional fluorescence techniques primarily track potential changes in excitable membranes, not absolute values, and lack single-cell resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel spectroscopic methods for overcoming limitations in membrane potential measurement.
  • To enable absolute membrane potential determination and single-cell/organelle analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Nernstian dyes for fluorescence microscopy enabling single-cell/organelle potential determination.
  • Dual-wavelength ratiometric recording with membrane-staining dyes for single-cell potential measurement.
  • Resonance Raman probes offering a spectroscopic method with an internal standard for absolute potential measurement.

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Main Results:

  • Nernstian dyes allow for fluorescence microscopic determination of membrane potential in single cells and organelles.
  • Dual-wavelength ratiometry enables single-cell membrane potential field measurements.
  • Resonance Raman probes provide absolute membrane potential measurements using an internal standard.

Conclusions:

  • The reviewed methods significantly advance the capability to measure membrane potential with high precision.
  • These techniques offer solutions for absolute potential determination and single-cell analysis, expanding research possibilities.