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Type 2 diabetes mellitus in pediatrics: a new challenge
Michelle Van Name1, Nicola Santoro
1Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Background:
The increased prevalence of childhood obesity in the last few years has been accompanied by the increase in prevalence of type 2 diabetes in pediatrics. In this paper, we will review the risk factors and the pathogenic determinants leading to type 2 diabetes in youth.
Data Sources:
We searched on PubMed with the key words: obesity, type 2 diabetes, children, adolescents, youth, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, genes and selected those publications written in English that we judged to be relevant to the topic of the review.
Results:
Based on the data present in the literature, we reviewed the following three topics: 1) the role of ectopic fat deposition, in particular of fatty liver, in the pathogenesis of pediatric type 2 diabetes; 2) the progression to type 2 diabetes in pediatrics and how it differs from adults, and 3) current theraputic options.
Conclusion:
Type 2 diabetes in youth is a complex disease, creating new challenges in treatment and prevention.
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