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Understanding the relationship between smoking and pain
Holly A Parkerson1, Michael J Zvolensky, Gordon J G Asmundson
1Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4S 0A2.
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
|November 19, 2013
Summary
This review explores the link between smoking dependence and pain, proposing a model for their co-occurrence. Understanding these connections can improve treatments for smokers experiencing pain.
Area of Science:
- Behavioral Science
- Clinical Psychology
- Public Health
Background:
- Smoking dependence and pain are prevalent, costly conditions.
- Their co-occurrence suggests shared underlying mechanisms.
- Existing models may not fully capture their complex relationship.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review evidence on mechanisms linking smoking dependence and pain.
- To introduce a revised integrative reciprocal model for their co-occurrence.
- To highlight treatment implications and future research directions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of empirical evidence.
- Description of pain and smoking dependence.
- Introduction of a revised integrative reciprocal model.
Main Results:
- Evidence supports direct and indirect pathways between smoking and pain.
- The proposed model offers a framework for understanding their co-occurrence.
- Recommendations for assessment and treatment are provided.
Conclusions:
- Further research testing the integrative model is needed.
- Improved understanding can lead to better prevention and treatment strategies.
- Addressing both conditions concurrently is crucial for patient outcomes.
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