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Adaptive quantum state tomography improves accuracy quadratically.

D H Mahler1, Lee A Rozema, Ardavan Darabi

  • 1Department of Physics, Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G1Z8, Canada.

Physical Review Letters
|November 19, 2013
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed an adaptive quantum state tomography protocol that significantly improves accuracy. This method reduces state estimation errors by an order of magnitude using minimal resources.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Computing
  • Experimental Quantum Physics

Background:

  • Quantum state tomography is essential for characterizing quantum systems.
  • Traditional methods face limitations in accuracy and efficiency with increasing system complexity.
  • Reducing infidelity in state estimation is a key challenge in quantum experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel adaptive protocol for quantum state tomography.
  • To significantly reduce the worst-case infidelity in quantum state estimation.
  • To demonstrate the protocol's effectiveness in a practical experimental setting.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a simple, single-step adaptive protocol for quantum state tomography.
  • Incorporated one additional measurement setting into the tomography procedure.
  • Implemented the protocol in a linear optical qubit experiment.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a theoretical reduction in worst-case infidelity from O(1/sqrt[N]) to O(1/N).
  • Demonstrated an order of magnitude improvement in experimental fidelity (0.1% to 0.01%).
  • Validated the protocol's efficiency with a modest number of samples (N ≈ 3 × 10^4).

Conclusions:

  • The proposed adaptive protocol offers a significant advancement in quantum state tomography.
  • This method provides a more efficient and accurate way to characterize quantum states.
  • The experimental success highlights the practical applicability of adaptive quantum measurements.