Changes in back fat thickness during late gestation predict colostrum yield in sows.

Area of Science:

• Animal Science
• Reproductive Physiology
• Swine Nutrition

Background:

• Optimizing milk production in sows requires directing protein and energy towards lactation.
• The influence of nutrient resource utilization on colostrum yield (CY) in sows is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the associations between sow colostrum yield (CY) and their utilization of nutrient resources.
• To identify factors influencing sow colostrum production.

Main Methods:

• 37 sows were monitored for parity, back fat change (ΔBF), and colostrum yield.
• Serum samples were analyzed for metabolic parameters (NEFA, urea, creatinine, C4, IgG, IgA) pre-farrowing and at D1 of lactation.
• Colostrum samples were analyzed for nutrient and immunoglobulin content.

Main Results:

• Colostrum yield was negatively associated with parity group and back fat change during late gestation (CY = 4290 - 842a - 113b).
• Metabolic parameters, specifically C4 and NEFA levels at D1 of lactation, were associated with CY (CY = 3582 - 1604a + 1007b - 922c).
• Colostrum composition was independent of colostrum yield; sows in negative energy balance pre-farrowing had reduced CY.

Conclusions:

• Sow parity and the mobilization of body reserves (fat and protein) during late gestation are key factors associated with colostrum yield.
• Effective management of sow body condition in late gestation is crucial for maximizing their colostrum production capacity.
• Sows exhibiting catabolism prior to farrowing may not achieve their full colostrum production potential, particularly older sows (parities 4-7).