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Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Thermal Ablation for the Treatment of Abdominal Tumors

Thermal Ablation for the Treatment of Abdominal Tumors

Published on: March 7, 2011

Tumor ablation: common modalities and general practices.

Erica M Knavel¹, Christopher L Brace

¹Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Clinical Sciences Center, Madison, WI.

Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology

|November 19, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Tumor ablation uses thermal or nonthermal energy to destroy tumors in organs like the liver and lung. This review covers various tumor ablation techniques and their optimal uses for effective treatment selection.

Keywords:

HIFU IRE Microwave cryoablation laser radiofrequency

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Minimally Invasive Surgery
Biophysics

Background:

Tumor ablation is a minimally invasive treatment for various cancers, including liver, kidney, bone, and lung.
It utilizes thermal energy to induce cell death through extreme temperatures (<-40°C or >60°C).
Emerging nonthermal techniques targeting cell membrane permeability are also under development.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of tumor ablation principles and techniques.
To review existing and emerging modalities of tumor ablation.
To guide the selection of appropriate ablation techniques based on specific indications.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on tumor ablation modalities.
Discussion of the general principles and mechanisms of thermal and nonthermal ablation.
Comparative analysis of radiofrequency, microwave, laser, high-intensity focused ultrasound, cryoablation, and irreversible electroporation.

Main Results:

Tumor ablation encompasses multiple techniques, each with distinct optimal applications.
Thermal modalities achieve tumor destruction via heating or cooling to cytotoxic levels.
Nonthermal methods are emerging, focusing on cell membrane electroporation.

Conclusions:

Understanding the principles and modalities of tumor ablation is crucial for effective cancer treatment.
Each ablation technique has specific indications, requiring careful patient selection.
This review aims to facilitate informed decision-making in choosing the most suitable tumor ablation method.