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Related Concept Videos

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
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Infant sensitivity to speaker and language in learning a second label.

Jui Bhagwat1, Marianella Casasola

  • 1Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|November 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Nineteen-month-old infants learn new object labels but need specific cues. They generalize labels across different speakers only when the language changes, not when the same language is used.

Keywords:
First mappingPragmatic understandingSecond language learningSecond object labelsSocial contexts of word learningWord learning

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Infants learn object labels through exposure and interaction.
  • Understanding how infants acquire multiple labels for the same object is crucial for language development research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate when 19-month-old infants learn a second object label.
  • To determine if infants generalize novel labels across different speakers and languages.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted with 19-month-old monolingual English-learning infants.
  • Infants were exposed to a novel object labeled with a novel word by two experimenters, either in the same or different languages.
  • Comprehension of each label was tested immediately after presentation.

Main Results:

  • Infants successfully mapped the first presented label.
  • Infants only mapped the second label when explicitly prompted by the speaker or when the second experimenter used a different language.
  • Infants did not generalize second labels across speakers using the same language.

Conclusions:

  • Nineteen-month-old infants can learn multiple labels for a single object.
  • Infants' generalization of second labels is influenced by speaker identity and the language used.
  • Sociopragmatic factors, such as speaker and language cues, play a significant role in early word learning and generalization.