Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

5.9K
Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
5.9K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

63.1K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
63.1K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

16.0K
16.0K
Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

1.6K
Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct...
1.6K
Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces03:00

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces

91.6K
Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...
91.6K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.3K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Probiotics, synbiotics and berberine in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and molecular dynamics simulation study.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Lenalidomide ameliorates cognitive impairment via putative AChE inhibition: an in silico and in vivo study in a scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment model.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Synthesis of spiro-lactam hydrazones by clay catalysis: toxicity, antioxidant, hypolipidemic and <i>In silico</i> assessments.

RSC advances·2026
Same author

First-principle study of electronic, optical and transport properties for A₂CdB₄ (A = Sc, Y; B = S, Se) spinel chalcogenides under strain condition.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

A Square-Net Europium(III) Metal-Organic Framework for Red-Emitting LEDs and Optical Temperature Sensing.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Zoster sine herpete complicated by central nervous system infection in an immunocompetent adult: A case report.

Qatar medical journal·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril
10:02

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril

Published on: October 3, 2020

3.6K

Intermolecular interactions between cucurbit[7]uril and pilocarpine.

Na'il Saleh1, Marieh B Al-Handawi2, Leena Al-Kaabi1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|November 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) macrocycles enhance the stability of pilocarpine (PIL) drugs in water. This supramolecular complexation occurs via stereospecific interactions, encapsulating the drug

Keywords:
Diasteroisomeric productsESI-MSHPLCPilocarpinePolarimetryStability

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Characterizing DNA G-Quadruplex by Bis-3-Chloropiperidine Based Chemical Mapping
05:32

Author Spotlight: Characterizing DNA G-Quadruplex by Bis-3-Chloropiperidine Based Chemical Mapping

Published on: May 12, 2023

2.0K
Method for Identifying Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Protein-protein Interaction Between HCN1 and TRIP8b
10:20

Method for Identifying Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Protein-protein Interaction Between HCN1 and TRIP8b

Published on: November 11, 2016

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril
10:02

Quantitative SERS Detection of Uric Acid via Formation of Precise Plasmonic Nanojunctions within Aggregates of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbit[n]uril

Published on: October 3, 2020

3.6K
Author Spotlight: Characterizing DNA G-Quadruplex by Bis-3-Chloropiperidine Based Chemical Mapping
05:32

Author Spotlight: Characterizing DNA G-Quadruplex by Bis-3-Chloropiperidine Based Chemical Mapping

Published on: May 12, 2023

2.0K
Method for Identifying Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Protein-protein Interaction Between HCN1 and TRIP8b
10:20

Method for Identifying Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Protein-protein Interaction Between HCN1 and TRIP8b

Published on: November 11, 2016

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Pilocarpine (PIL) is a hydrophilic drug with limited chemical stability in aqueous solutions.
  • Enhancing drug stability is crucial for developing effective pharmaceutical formulations.
  • Supramolecular host-guest chemistry offers novel strategies for drug stabilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complexation interactions between cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) and pilocarpine (PIL) in aqueous solution.
  • To characterize the solid complex formed between CB7 and PIL.
  • To evaluate the impact of complexation on the chemical stability of PIL.

Main Methods:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ((1)H NMR) spectroscopy
  • Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy
  • Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS)
  • Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy
  • Thermogravimetry (TGA)
  • Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
  • High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Main Results:

  • Complexation between CB7 and PIL was confirmed in aqueous solution and in the solid state.
  • DSC and TGA demonstrated the formation of a thermally stable solid complex.
  • NMR, CD, and ESI-MS indicated asymmetric induction and encapsulation of PIL's γ-lactone ring within the CB7 cavity.
  • HPLC analysis showed significantly enhanced chemical stability of PIL upon complexation.

Conclusions:

  • CB7 effectively enhances the aqueous stability of PIL through non-conventional supramolecular host-guest interactions.
  • The γ-lactone ring of PIL is the primary site of encapsulation within the CB7 cavity.
  • This study highlights the potential of CB7 as a stabilizing agent for hydrophilic drugs.