Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Conditioned Taste Aversion01:14

Conditioned Taste Aversion

2.0K
Conditioned taste aversion, also known as sauce béarnaise syndrome, is a phenomenon in which an individual develops an aversion to a certain food taste following a negative experience, typically illness. This form of aversion is a type of classical conditioning in which the taste of the food (conditioned stimulus, CS) is associated with the experience of illness (unconditioned stimulus, UCS).
A notable characteristic of conditioned taste aversion is that it often requires only a single...
2.0K
Classical Conditioning in Daily Life01:17

Classical Conditioning in Daily Life

2.9K
Classical conditioning, a fundamental principle of associative learning, explains various phenomena observed in daily life, such as fear development, the placebo effect, taste aversion, and drug habituation. These applications demonstrate the profound impact of associative learning on human behavior and physiological responses.
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner famously demonstrated the development of fear through classical conditioning in their experiment with Little Albert. They paired the...
2.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

ICG fluorescence imaging-guided bile leak detection to reduce clinically relevant bile leakage after hepatectomy: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Versus Calcium Channel Blockers for First-Line Antihypertensive Therapy and Survival in Adults Aged 75 Years or Older.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·2026
Same author

Association of weather with seizure incidence in children with drug-resistant epilepsy: A multicenter prospective observational study.

Brain & development·2026
Same author

Trace conditioning: insights from invertebrate models on bridging the temporal gap.

Biology letters·2026
Same author

Exploring the role of stress sensitivity in memory formation: why do some animals learn while others do not? Lessons from Lymnaea stagnalis.

Open biology·2026
Same author

Not too different: Wild Lymnaea learning at the pondside and in the lab.

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

How to Create Conditioned Taste Aversion for Grazing Ground Covers in Woody Crops with Small Ruminants
05:55

How to Create Conditioned Taste Aversion for Grazing Ground Covers in Woody Crops with Small Ruminants

Published on: April 30, 2016

6.7K

Spaced taste avoidance conditioning in Lymnaea.

Satoshi Takigami1, Hiroshi Sunada2, Ken Lukowiak2

  • 1Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, Nishino 317, Numazu 410-0321, Shizuoka, Japan.

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
|November 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Taste avoidance learning in snails was achieved using sucrose and electrical stimuli. A 3-hour interval between training sessions significantly improved long-term memory formation, with bryostatin further enhancing this effect.

Keywords:
ANOVABryoCSHigh voltage stimulusITMLTMLong term memoryMassed trainingNSPKCProtein kinase CSTMShort term memorySpaced trainingTACTaste avoidance conditioningUSanalysis of variancebryostatinconditional stimulusintermediate-term memorylong-term memorynot significantprotein kinase Cshort-term memorytaste avoidance conditioningunconditional stimulus

More Related Videos

Appetitive Associative Olfactory Learning in Drosophila Larvae
09:22

Appetitive Associative Olfactory Learning in Drosophila Larvae

Published on: February 18, 2013

18.9K
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Aging on Hippocampal-Dependent Spatial Learning
06:03

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Aging on Hippocampal-Dependent Spatial Learning

Published on: February 16, 2024

2.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

How to Create Conditioned Taste Aversion for Grazing Ground Covers in Woody Crops with Small Ruminants
05:55

How to Create Conditioned Taste Aversion for Grazing Ground Covers in Woody Crops with Small Ruminants

Published on: April 30, 2016

6.7K
Appetitive Associative Olfactory Learning in Drosophila Larvae
09:22

Appetitive Associative Olfactory Learning in Drosophila Larvae

Published on: February 18, 2013

18.9K
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Aging on Hippocampal-Dependent Spatial Learning
06:03

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Aging on Hippocampal-Dependent Spatial Learning

Published on: February 16, 2024

2.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior
  • Learning and Memory

Background:

  • Taste avoidance conditioning is a fundamental learning process.
  • Understanding memory formation requires investigating effective training protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conditions necessary for establishing short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) in snails.
  • To determine the impact of training intervals and pharmacological enhancement on memory consolidation.

Main Methods:

  • Taste avoidance conditioning was performed using sucrose as the conditional stimulus (CS) and electrical stimulation as the unconditional stimulus (US).
  • Different numbers of CS-US pairings and inter-session intervals were tested.
  • The effect of bryostatin on LTM formation was evaluated.

Main Results:

  • 15 paired CS-US presentations induced both STM and LTM.
  • While STM was formed with fewer pairings (5-20), LTM was not established without a delay.
  • A 3-hour interval between training sets enabled LTM formation with 8 or 20 pairings.
  • Bryostatin administration enhanced LTM formation, with 8 pairings sufficient.

Conclusions:

  • Memory formation in snails is dependent on the number of training trials and the timing of stimuli.
  • Inter-session intervals play a critical role in consolidating long-term memories.
  • Pharmacological interventions like bryostatin can significantly boost memory consolidation processes.