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Epigenetic mechanisms in pubertal brain maturation.

K E Morrison1, A B Rodgers1, C P Morgan1

  • 1Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States.

Neuroscience
|November 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetics plays a crucial role in pubertal brain development and maturation. Environmental factors during this sensitive period can disrupt epigenetic processes, potentially increasing neuropsychiatric disease risk.

Keywords:
adolescencebrain maturationepigeneticspubertysex differences

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Puberty involves critical hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) re-emergence, driving hormone-dependent developmental processes.
  • Maturation of brain regions like the prefrontal cortex occurs during puberty, but underlying mechanisms, especially epigenetic ones, are poorly understood.
  • The epigenome, responsive to environmental factors, is implicated in guiding development and may influence pubertal brain maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of epigenetic processes in pubertal brain maturation.
  • To explore how environmental insults during puberty may disrupt normal brain development via epigenetics.
  • To highlight the link between pubertal epigenetic reprogramming and increased risk for neuropsychiatric diseases.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing research on epigenetics and pubertal brain development.
  • It examines the impact of environmental factors on epigenetic mechanisms during this critical window.
  • The review discusses potential disruptions in epigenetic programming and their consequences.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are fundamental to pubertal brain maturation and development.
  • Environmental exposures during puberty can lead to epigenetic alterations, increasing vulnerability.
  • Disruption of pubertal epigenetic programming is a potential pathway to neuropsychiatric disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics is central to understanding pubertal brain development and its sensitivity to environmental influences.
  • Further research into pubertal epigenetics is essential for elucidating neuropsychiatric disease risk.
  • Targeting epigenetic mechanisms may offer future therapeutic strategies for preventing or treating these conditions.