Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

40.5K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
40.5K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

13.2K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
13.2K
Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

1.7K
Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
1.7K
¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons00:58

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

3.7K
Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...
3.7K
Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

3.3K
Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
3.3K
¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Homotopic and Heterotopic Protons01:03

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Homotopic and Heterotopic Protons

3.9K
Protons in identical electronic environments within a molecule are chemically equivalent and have the same chemical shift. The replacement test is a useful tool to identify chemical equivalence and predict NMR spectra. A substituent replaces each of the protons being examined and the resulting molecules are compared. If the same molecule is obtained, the protons are equivalent or homotopic. Replacement of any hydrogens in ethane by chlorine yields chloroethane because all six protons are...
3.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Randomized trial comparing 5-year follow-up of first-line infliximab to conventional therapy in paediatric Crohn's disease.

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association·2026
Same author

Comparison of techniques for the evaluation of taste sensitivity.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Olfactory bulb volume changes following olfactory training in normosmic individuals.

Rhinology·2026
Same author

Peppermint Oil and Sweets in Pediatric Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Abdominal Pain: A Randomized Trial.

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association·2026
Same author

The APOLLO trial: a proof-of-concept study for vitamin A nasal drops in COVID-19-related postinfectious olfactory dysfunction.

Chemical senses·2026
Same author

Magnetic resonance imaging in gustatory disorders: diagnostic usefulness with a cost analysis.

Rhinology·2025
Same journal

Chronic stress primes TLR3-mediated systemic inflammation to produce persistent post-viral fatigue syndrome-like symptoms in mice.

Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Contribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors to bottom-up amplification of frontal and parietal cortical responses to rare deviant tones in rats.

Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Developmental switch of GABAergic signaling in starburst amacrine cells driven by chloride transporter dynamics.

Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Epileptiform discharges are associated with increased theta activity over time in patients with Lewy body dementia.

Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Response times from gap detection threshold testing relate to cognitive processing speed in young adults.

Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The timing of visual selective attention in fronto-parietal network: TMS behavioral and brain structural evidence.

Neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants
04:47

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants

Published on: September 18, 2018

6.1K

Perceptual and processing differences between physical and dichorhinic odor mixtures.

M Schütze1, S Negoias2, M J Olsson1

  • 1Division for Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.

Neuroscience
|November 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olfactory perception differs when odors are mixed in one nostril versus separate nostrils. This study reveals that dichorhinic odor mixtures are perceived as more intense, supported by olfactory event-related potential (OERP) changes.

Keywords:
OERPodorant mixtureolfactionolfactory event-related potentialolfactory event-related potentialsperceptionquality

More Related Videos

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

19.5K
High-resolution Quantification of Odor-guided Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster Using the Flywalk Paradigm
13:31

High-resolution Quantification of Odor-guided Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster Using the Flywalk Paradigm

Published on: December 11, 2015

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants
04:47

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants

Published on: September 18, 2018

6.1K
Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

19.5K
High-resolution Quantification of Odor-guided Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster Using the Flywalk Paradigm
13:31

High-resolution Quantification of Odor-guided Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster Using the Flywalk Paradigm

Published on: December 11, 2015

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Perception
  • Olfaction Research

Background:

  • Integration of sensory input from two nostrils is less studied than vision or hearing.
  • Understanding olfactory processing requires investigating how the brain integrates information from each nostril.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare perceptual and electrophysiological responses to binary odor mixtures presented within a single nostril versus across both nostrils.
  • To determine if the site of olfactory integration occurs at a peripheral or central level.

Main Methods:

  • Psychophysical ratings were collected for physical (single nostril) and dichorhinic (separate nostrils) mixtures of eugenol and l-carvone.
  • Olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) were recorded to measure brain responses to the different odor presentation types.

Main Results:

  • Dichorhinic odor mixtures were perceived as significantly more intense than physical mixtures.
  • A shift in perceived odor quality was observed for dichorhinic presentations.
  • Early OERP components (P1, N1) showed altered latencies and amplitudes for dichorhinic versus physical mixtures, while later components (P2) did not differ significantly.

Conclusions:

  • The peripheral olfactory system, likely at the level of the nostrils, is a site where interactions between odorants occur.
  • Both behavioral (psychophysical) and electrophysiological data support the conclusion of peripheral olfactory integration.