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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Catalysis

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Published on: October 5, 2019

Enabling direct H2O2 production through rational electrocatalyst design.

Samira Siahrostami¹, Arnau Verdaguer-Casadevall, Mohammadreza Karamad

¹1] Center for Atomic-scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark [2].

Nature Materials

|November 19, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Developing new electrocatalysts is key for efficient hydrogen peroxide production. Platinum-mercury (Pt-Hg) nanoparticles show a significant improvement in catalytic activity for on-site H2O2 generation.

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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Published on: March 10, 2023

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Current hydrogen peroxide production relies on the complex anthraquinone process.
Localized, on-site production of hydrogen peroxide is needed for future energy and chemical synthesis.
Electrochemical reduction of oxygen offers a promising alternative for H2O2 synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify novel electrocatalyst materials for efficient oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide.
To improve upon existing catalysts for on-site H2O2 production.

Main Methods:

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to screen potential electrocatalysts.
Electrochemical measurements were performed on synthesized platinum-mercury (Pt-Hg) nanoparticles.

Main Results:

Density functional theory identified Pt-Hg as a promising electrocatalyst candidate.
Pt-Hg nanoparticles demonstrated over a tenfold increase in mass activity for H2O2 production compared to state-of-the-art catalysts.
The study highlights the potential of Pt-Hg for enhanced catalytic performance.

Conclusions:

Pt-Hg nanoparticles represent a significant advancement in electrocatalyst development for hydrogen peroxide synthesis.
This discovery paves the way for more efficient and localized H2O2 production.
Further research into Pt-Hg based catalysts could revolutionize chemical synthesis and energy conversion processes.