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Antioxidant supplements and mortality.

Goran Bjelakovic1, Dimitrinka Nikolova, Christian Gluud

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Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
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This summary is machine-generated.

Antioxidant supplements do not prevent chronic diseases or mortality. Relying on a balanced diet is the optimal way to obtain antioxidants for better health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Oxidative stress contributes to aging and chronic diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disease.
  • Antioxidant supplements are widely used by adults hoping to improve health and longevity.
  • Interest in preventive potential of antioxidant supplements is high.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence on the preventive effects of antioxidant supplements.
  • To assess the role of antioxidant supplements in chronic disease prevention and mortality.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations on antioxidant supplement use.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials.
  • Analysis of large, recently completed randomized clinical trials with low risk of bias.
  • Evaluation of recent large observational studies.

Main Results:

  • High-quality randomized trials and systematic reviews show antioxidant supplements do not prevent cancer, cardiovascular diseases, or death.
  • Some studies indicate potential harm, with beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E possibly increasing mortality.
  • Current dietary guidelines find no evidence supporting antioxidant supplements for primary prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Antioxidant supplements lack preventive effects and may pose health risks, particularly in well-nourished individuals.
  • Dietary intake of antioxidants is considered the optimal source for health benefits.
  • Antioxidant supplements in pill or tablet form are not recommended for primary disease prevention.