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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

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The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a...
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Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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MicroRNA-related sequence variations in human cancers.

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  • 1Genomic Medicine, Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland, awojcicka@wum.edu.pl.

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MicroRNA sequence variations are key factors in cancer development. Understanding microRNA action can lead to new diagnostic and prognostic tools for human cancers.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression.
  • miRNAs play significant roles in the pathogenesis of various human diseases.
  • Their involvement in cancer development is an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of microRNA sequence variations on cancer pathogenesis.
  • To explore the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of functional and populational studies on miRNA variants.
  • Analysis of the role of miRNA sequence variations in carcinogenesis.
  • Discussion of cellular and molecular mechanisms of miRNA action.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNA variants are implicated as important factors in the process of carcinogenesis.
  • Functional and populational studies support the role of miRNA variants in cancer predisposition.
  • Understanding miRNA action can reveal new target genes and pathways.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNA sequence variations significantly influence cancer pathogenesis.
  • Further research into miRNA biology will facilitate the development of novel cancer biomarkers.
  • MicroRNAs hold promise for improved cancer diagnosis and prognosis.