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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic &#946;-Blocker
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Learned together, extinguished apart: reducing fear to complex stimuli.

Carolyn E Jones1, Stephanie Ringuet, Marie-H Monfils

  • 1Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.

Learning & Memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)
|November 19, 2013
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Summary

Extinguishing complex fear memories, like those from simultaneous tone and light cues, requires targeting individual components during reconsolidation. This sequential retrieval and extinction method can disrupt these more resistant fear associations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Learning and Memory

Background:

  • Pavlovian fear conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with an aversive one.
  • Extinction training shortly after fear conditioning can attenuate fear responses.
  • Compound fear memories, formed by multiple cues, are often more resilient than simple ones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if extinction within the reconsolidation window can attenuate complex fear memories.
  • To determine if compound fear memories are more resistant to extinction than simple fear memories.
  • To explore methods for disrupting compound fear memories.

Main Methods:

  • Fear conditioning using simultaneous tone and light cues paired with a shock.
  • Assessing extinction resistance of compound fear memories.
  • Employing a sequential retrieval and extinction paradigm to disrupt reconsolidation.

Main Results:

  • Compound fear memories (tone+light) were more resistant to extinction than simple tone-shock pairings.
  • Disrupting reconsolidation of individual components via sequential retrieval+extinction weakened compound memory.
  • The order of retrieval (stronger component first) was crucial for successful disruption.

Conclusions:

  • Compound fear memories are more robust and require specific extinction strategies.
  • Targeting reconsolidation of individual components can weaken complex fear memories.
  • Findings have potential applications for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).