Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Photosystem II01:22

Photosystem II

60.0K
The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
The pigment molecules are arranged across  two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
60.0K
Photosystems01:32

Photosystems

7.1K
Photosystems are multiprotein complexes that form the functional units of photosynthesis in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. They are found embedded in the membrane of tiny sac-like structures called thylakoids placed inside the chloroplast.
Functioning of Photosystems
Photosystems contain many pigment molecules, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, arranged in a particular organization across two domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
7.1K
Photosystem I01:27

Photosystem I

52.9K
Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...
52.9K
The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

12.6K
The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
12.6K
Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

1.0K
Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate...
1.0K
Anatomy of Chloroplasts01:07

Anatomy of Chloroplasts

98.6K
Green algae and plants, including green stems and unripe fruit, harbor chloroplasts—the vital organelles where photosynthesis takes place. In plants, the highest density of chloroplasts is found in the mesophyll cells of leaves.
98.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The photosynthetic capacity of pea leaves with a controlled chlorophyll formation.

Planta·2014
Same author

Chlorophyll formation and the development of photosynthesis in illuminated etiolated pea leaves.

Planta·2014
Same author

The effect of paraquat on flax cotyledon leaves: Changes in fine structure.

Planta·2014
Same author

The effect of paraquat on flax cotyledon leaves: Physiological and biochemical changes.

Planta·2014
Same author

Electron transport capabilities of chloroplasts isolated from non-photosynthesizing leaves.

Planta·2014
Same author

The photodynamic action of eosin, a singlet-oxygen generator : Some effects on leaf tissue of Pisum sativum L.

Planta·2013

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Purification of Active Photosystem I-Light Harvesting Complex I from Plant Tissues
07:10

Purification of Active Photosystem I-Light Harvesting Complex I from Plant Tissues

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.5K

Hydrogen-peroxide-scavenging systems within pea chloroplasts : A quantitative study.

D J Gillham1, A D Dodge

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK.

Planta
|November 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Pea leaf chloroplasts contain key antioxidant enzymes, similar to other chloroplast markers. This suggests their crucial role in protecting plants against environmental stress.

More Related Videos

Catalytic Scavenging of Plant Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo by Anionic Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles
09:46

Catalytic Scavenging of Plant Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo by Anionic Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: August 26, 2018

8.5K
Expression and Purification of Nuclease-Free Oxygen Scavenger Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase
10:14

Expression and Purification of Nuclease-Free Oxygen Scavenger Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase

Published on: November 8, 2019

5.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Purification of Active Photosystem I-Light Harvesting Complex I from Plant Tissues
07:10

Purification of Active Photosystem I-Light Harvesting Complex I from Plant Tissues

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.5K
Catalytic Scavenging of Plant Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo by Anionic Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles
09:46

Catalytic Scavenging of Plant Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo by Anionic Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: August 26, 2018

8.5K
Expression and Purification of Nuclease-Free Oxygen Scavenger Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase
10:14

Expression and Purification of Nuclease-Free Oxygen Scavenger Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase

Published on: November 8, 2019

5.7K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Plant Physiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Antioxidant systems are vital for plant survival under stress.
  • Ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase are key enzymes in plant antioxidant defense.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the subcellular localization of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in pea leaves.
  • To investigate the role of chloroplasts in housing these antioxidant enzymes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of enzyme distribution with organelle markers in pea leaves.
  • Isolation of pea leaf chloroplasts and assessment of their intactness.
  • Quantification of enzyme activity, glutathione, and ascorbate within isolated chloroplasts.

Main Results:

  • Enzyme distribution of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase mirrored that of a known chloroplast enzyme.
  • Isolated chloroplasts showed high intactness correlating with enzyme activity recovery.
  • Intact chloroplasts (85%) contained significant dehydroascorbate reductase activity, glutathione, and ascorbate.

Conclusions:

  • Pea leaf chloroplasts are a primary site for key antioxidant enzymes.
  • Chloroplasts play a significant role in plant antioxidant defense mechanisms.
  • These findings support the importance of chloroplast antioxidant systems in plant stress resistance.