Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

6.6K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
6.6K
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

31.6K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
31.6K
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

11.0K
11.0K
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

14.2K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
14.2K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.4K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.4K
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

893
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
893

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanism of BCDX2-mediated RAD51 nucleation on short ssDNA stretches and fork DNA.

Nucleic acids research·2024
Same author

3D modelling of cavity-free lasing in nitrogen plasma filaments.

Optics express·2023
Same author

Real-Time Imaging of Polioviral RNA Translocation across a Membrane.

mBio·2021
Same author

Cryo-EM structures reveal two distinct conformational states in a picornavirus cell entry intermediate.

PLoS pathogens·2020
Same author

Normal mitochondrial function in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> has become dependent on inefficient splicing.

eLife·2018
Same author

Fluorogenic RNA Mango aptamers for imaging small non-coding RNAs in mammalian cells.

Nature communications·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency
08:53

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

Published on: September 15, 2021

2.6K

Post-transcriptional modifications modulate conformational dynamics in human U2-U6 snRNA complex.

Krishanthi S Karunatilaka, David Rueda

    RNA (New York, N.Y.)
    |November 19, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Post-transcriptional modifications in human U2 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) slightly stabilize the U2-U6 complex structure. These modifications may primarily mediate RNA-protein interactions in vivo during pre-mRNA splicing.

    Keywords:
    human U2–U6 snRNAspost-transcriptional modificationssingle-molecule FRETsplicingstructural dynamics

    More Related Videos

    ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast
    07:31

    ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast

    Published on: June 30, 2022

    2.0K
    Analysis of Spliceosomal snRNA Localization in Human Hela Cells Using Microinjection
    07:35

    Analysis of Spliceosomal snRNA Localization in Human Hela Cells Using Microinjection

    Published on: August 6, 2019

    5.6K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 5, 2026

    A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency
    08:53

    A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

    Published on: September 15, 2021

    2.6K
    ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast
    07:31

    ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast

    Published on: June 30, 2022

    2.0K
    Analysis of Spliceosomal snRNA Localization in Human Hela Cells Using Microinjection
    07:35

    Analysis of Spliceosomal snRNA Localization in Human Hela Cells Using Microinjection

    Published on: August 6, 2019

    5.6K

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • The spliceosome, crucial for precursor-mRNA splicing in eukaryotes, comprises over 100 proteins and five small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).
    • U2 and U6 snRNAs are essential catalytic components, with human and yeast snRNAs exhibiting structural similarities despite extensive post-transcriptional modifications in humans.
    • The precise functions of these numerous post-transcriptional modifications in human snRNAs remain largely undetermined.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the functional impact of specific post-transcriptional modifications in human U2 snRNA on the conformation and dynamics of the U2-U6 complex.
    • To elucidate the role of these modifications in the catalytic activity of the spliceosome during pre-mRNA splicing.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized single-molecule fluorescence techniques to analyze the U2-U6 complex in vitro.
    • Characterized the dynamic equilibrium and conformational states of the complex under varying conditions.

    Main Results:

    • The human U2-U6 complex, similar to yeast, exhibits a magnesium-dependent dynamic equilibrium among three distinct conformations.
    • Post-transcriptional modifications within human U2 stem I were found to modulate this dynamic equilibrium by stabilizing the four-helix structure.
    • The observed effect of modifications on complex stabilization was relatively small.

    Conclusions:

    • While human U2 snRNA modifications influence U2-U6 complex dynamics, the magnitude suggests a limited role in direct structural stabilization.
    • These modifications likely play a more significant role in mediating specific RNA-protein interactions in vivo, crucial for spliceosome function.