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Lifespan variation by occupational class: compression or stagnation over time?

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Lifespan variation remained stable for manual workers but decreased for nonmanual classes over four decades. These trends were driven by early-adult mortality, with higher social classes achieving greater reductions in lifespan variation.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Public Health
  • Demography

Background:

  • Socioeconomic position is inversely associated with lifespan variation in adults.
  • Trends in lifespan variation across different social classes over time are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate trends in adult lifespan variation by occupational social class in Finland from 1971 to 2010.
  • To analyze age and cause-of-death contributions to changes in lifespan variation across social classes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Finnish population register data spanning four decades (1971-2010).
  • Analyzed lifespan variation trends across four occupational social classes: manual, lower nonmanual, upper nonmanual, and other.
  • Conducted age and cause-of-death decompositions of lifespan variation for males and females.

Main Results:

  • Life expectancy increased across all social classes, but lifespan variation remained stable for manual workers and decreased for nonmanual classes.
  • Decreases in older-age lifespan variation were observed across all classes, while early-adult mortality variation increased for all except the highest occupational class.
  • High and stagnant lifespan variation in the manual class was linked to circulatory disease mortality patterns and high early-adult mortality from external causes.

Conclusions:

  • Mortality compression, leading to increased life expectancy with reduced lifespan variation, is achievable but currently limited to higher occupational classes.
  • Differences in early-adult mortality significantly influence lifespan variation trends across social strata.
  • Findings highlight the persistent impact of social class on mortality patterns and lifespan inequality over time.