Naming, reading, and the dyslexias: A longitudinal overview
1Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts.
Annals of Dyslexia
|November 19, 2013
Summary
Disruptions in the naming process significantly impact children
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Linguistics
Background:
- A known co-occurrence exists between naming and reading disorders in children and adults.
- Previous research suggests a link between naming difficulties and reading impairments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how disruptions in specific naming process stages affect children's reading development.
- To present findings from a longitudinal study examining the relationship between naming and reading.
Main Methods:
- Administered a battery of naming and reading tests to 115 children.
- Tests were based on a neurolinguistic model of naming.
- Data collected longitudinally before, during, and after reading acquisition.
Main Results:
- Poor readers differed significantly from average readers on most naming tests (p<.001).
- Naming tests focusing on retrieval rate were most predictive of naming performance.
- Specific error patterns in naming performance characterized dyslexia subgroups.
Conclusions:
- Factors disrupting naming processes can predictably impede reading development in children.
- Retrieval rate is a key factor in differentiating reading abilities.
- Naming assessments can help identify and characterize reading disorders.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Learning Disabilities
711
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
711
01:27Language and Cognition
892
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
892
02:20Longitudinal Research
11.7K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
11.7K
01:26Longitudinal Studies
709
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
709
01:30Oppositional Defiant Disorder
1.5K
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Diagnostic Criteria and...
1.5K
01:22Language Development
1.1K
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
1.1K