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The impact of group B Streptococcus prophylaxis on early onset neonatal infections

K L Ecker1, P K Donohue, K S Kim

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Crozer Chester Medical Center, Upland, PA, USA.

Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine
|November 20, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) prophylaxis did not lead to new antibiotic-resistant pathogens in early-onset neonatal infections. Ampicillin resistance was linked to male infants, suggesting multifactorial causes for resistance.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Antibiotic Resistance

Background:

  • Early-onset neonatal infections pose significant risks to infants.
  • Group B Streptococcus (GBS) prophylaxis is a key intervention.
  • Monitoring causative pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess changes in pathogens and antibiotic resistance in neonatal infections post-GBS prophylaxis.
  • To identify risk factors for ampicillin/penicillin resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 220 infants with positive cultures (≤7 days old) from 1990-2007.
  • Data divided into three epochs based on intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) practices.
  • Comparison of pathogens and antibiotic resistance across epochs.

Main Results:

  • A significant decrease in GBS infections observed over time.
  • No emergence of antibiotic resistance in other pathogens or very low-birthweight infants.
  • Ampicillin resistance was associated with male gender (OR 3.096).

Conclusions:

  • Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) did not result in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
  • Factors contributing to changing microorganisms and resistance are likely multifactorial.
  • Continued research is necessary to further reduce early-onset neonatal pathogen rates.
Abstract

Keywords:
Escherichia coli (E. coli)Group B Streptococcus (GBS)antibiotic resistanceearly onset neonatal infections

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