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The human IgA system: a reassessment.

J Mestecky, M W Russell, S Jackson

    Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology
    |July 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Secretory and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) are distinct immune molecules. Serum IgA may protect the body from self-damaging immune responses to endogenous antigens.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody class in healthy adults.
    • Secretory IgA (sIgA) and serum IgA (S-IgA) are distinct, with different properties and functions.
    • sIgA neutralizes environmental antigens, but the role of S-IgA is less understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the primary function of serum IgA in humans.
    • To differentiate the roles of secretory IgA and serum IgA in immune responses.

    Main Methods:

    • The study is primarily theoretical, analyzing existing knowledge on IgA structure, production, and function.
    • Physicochemical and immunochemical properties of sIgA and S-IgA were compared.
    • Effector functions and cellular origins of both IgA types were examined.

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    Main Results:

    • sIgA and S-IgA exhibit mutual independence in their properties, production sites, and activities.
    • sIgA effectively prevents the entry of environmental antigens.
    • The function of polymeric S-IgA in animals involves non-inflammatory antigen elimination.

    Conclusions:

    • Monomeric S-IgA in humans may protect endogenous antigens from immune attack.
    • S-IgA prevents complement activation, phagocytosis, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
    • This protective role of S-IgA may prevent autoimmune tissue damage.