Diffuse coronary artery dilatation in a neonate: a case report

Area of Science:

• Neonatal cardiology
• Pediatric infectious diseases
• Vascular inflammation

Background:

• Kawasaki disease is a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children.
• Neonatal presentation of Kawasaki disease is rare and often atypical.
• Coronary artery abnormalities are a hallmark of Kawasaki disease.

Observation:

• A neonate presented with diffuse, bilateral coronary artery dilatation on the first day of life.
• No intrauterine hypoxia or other causes for coronary ectasia were identified.
• The infant's symptoms resolved spontaneously without intervention.

Findings:

• The case presents a unique instance of spontaneous coronary artery dilatation in a neonate.
• This presentation challenges the typical diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease in newborns.
• The spontaneous resolution suggests a possible early or subclinical form of the disease.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering Kawasaki disease in neonates with unexplained coronary artery dilatation.
• Early recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent serious cardiac sequelae.
• Further research is needed to understand atypical Kawasaki disease presentations in neonates.