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Related Concept Videos

Exocrine Glands: Types of Secretions01:13

Exocrine Glands: Types of Secretions

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Exocrine glands produce and release a variety of glandular products. Exocrine glands can be classified into serous, mucous, or mixed types based on their secretory products.
Serous glands produce watery secretions rich in digestive enzymes and proteins. The constituent cells of the serous gland have centrally located nuclei and eosinophilic secretory granules in the cytoplasm. The parotid gland is an example of a serous gland. It secretes saliva, which contains enzymes, such as lipases and...
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Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

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The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium01:20

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium

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The glandular epithelium is made of one or more epithelial cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Glandular epithelia can be classified based on cell number. Unicellular glands have individual secretory cells scattered across the epithelial monolayer. In contrast, multicellular glands consist of a hollow tubular duct attached to the cluster of secretory cells located in the deep pockets.
Multicellular glands are formed during early development when epithelial budding...
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Exocrine Glands: Unicellular and Multicellular Glands01:29

Exocrine Glands: Unicellular and Multicellular Glands

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Exocrine glands are classified as unicellular and multicellular. The unicellular glands are scattered single cells, such as goblet cells, found in the mucous membranes of the small and large intestines. On the other hand, multicellular exocrine glands develop as secretory sheets, like the internal lining of the abdomen or chest. Such secretory sheets release their secretions directly into the lumen of these organs. In addition, some multicellular glands have deep-seated secretory units to...
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Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Simple Epithelium01:30

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Simple Epithelium

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Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that lines body cavities and blood vessels. The shape of the cells in the epithelium reflects the function of the tissue. Cells in simple squamous epithelium appear as thin scales with flat, elliptical nuclei that mirror the form of the cell.
Because of the thinness of the cells, simple squamous epithelium is present where the rapid passage of chemical compounds is observed. For example, the endothelium that lines the capillaries and vessels...
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Ex vivo imaging and enzymatic analysis of intestinal mucus.

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The butyrate-producing Gram-positive human gut bacterium, Hoskinsella mucinilytica, selectively targets host mucin N-acetylhexosamines.

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Related Experiment Video

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Three-dimensional Quantification of Intestinal Mucus Using Whole-mount Tissue Imaging
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Three-dimensional Quantification of Intestinal Mucus Using Whole-mount Tissue Imaging

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Mucus and the goblet cell.

Malin E V Johansson1, Gunnar C Hansson

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The colon

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Immunology

Background:

  • A protective inner mucus layer in the colon, primarily composed of MUC2 mucin, normally prevents bacterial interaction with epithelial cells.
  • This mucus layer is crucial for maintaining gut homeostasis and is rapidly renewed through host-controlled processing.
  • Defects in this inner mucus layer are associated with severe inflammation and disease states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the inner colon mucus layer in host-bacterial interactions and its implications in inflammatory conditions.
  • To understand the structural and functional significance of MUC2 mucin in maintaining colon epithelial integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of MUC2 mucin's role in forming the inner mucus layer's structure.
  • Examination of mouse models with genetic defects affecting mucus layer integrity.
  • Comparison of mucus layer status in human patients with active ulcerative colitis and those in remission.

Main Results:

  • Absence of MUC2 mucin leads to a lack of the inner mucus layer, allowing bacteria to reach and penetrate epithelial cells, causing inflammation.
  • Mouse models with defects in ion channels (Nhe3) or immune mediators (Tlr5, IL-10) also exhibit a defective inner mucus layer.
  • Human ulcerative colitis patients show a penetrable mucus layer, while some in remission have a restored layer.

Conclusions:

  • The integrity of the inner colon mucus layer is vital for protecting the colon epithelium from bacterial invasion.
  • A compromised inner mucus layer is implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis by allowing immune system activation.
  • Maintaining a functional inner mucus layer is critical for preventing colon inflammation.