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Mutagen sensitivity and mutability in lentil.

S K Sharma1, B Sharma

  • 1Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110 012, New Delhi, India.

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Summary
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Lentil seeds exposed to gamma rays and NMU showed reduced germination and growth, but increased leaf spots. Mutagen sensitivity varied between varietal groups and specific cultivars, impacting mutation frequency.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Mutagenesis research
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Lentil varietal groups ('macrosperma' and 'microsperma') exhibit differential responses to mutagens.
  • Understanding mutagen sensitivity and mutability is crucial for crop improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the mutagen sensitivity and mutability of lentil cultivars using gamma rays and NMU.
  • To compare the sensitivity and mutability between 'macrosperma' and 'microsperma' varietal groups.
  • To investigate the relationship between radiosensitivity, chemosensitivity, and mutability in lentil genotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Seed treatment with varying doses of gamma rays and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU).
  • Evaluation of germination, seedling growth (root and shoot length), pollen fertility, plant survival, and leaf spot incidence.
  • Comparative analysis of mutagen effects across different lentil varietal groups and cultivars.

Main Results:

  • Increasing doses of gamma rays and NMU decreased germination, growth parameters, pollen fertility, and survival, while increasing leaf spots.
  • The root system was more sensitive to mutagens than the shoot.
  • 'Macrosperma' group exhibited higher sensitivity than 'microsperma'. Specific cultivars ('Pusa-1', 'L-1491') showed greater sensitivity.
  • Radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity positively correlated with each other and with mutability, indicating parallelism in radiomutability and chemo-mutability.

Conclusions:

  • Differential sensitivity to gamma rays and NMU exists among lentil cultivars and varietal groups.
  • Radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity are reliable indicators of genotypic mutability in lentils.
  • Mutation frequency can be influenced by mutagen dose, leading to decreased or constant rates at higher concentrations due to selection pressures.