Electrical properties of the vertically growing root tip of Lepidium sativum L

Electrical transmembrane potential differences and resistances in different tissues of intact root tips of Lepidium sativum L. were investigated in a humid atmosphere by conventional glass-microelectrode techniques with the reference electrode at the surface (apoplast) of the root. The resting potential (inside negative) in cells of the root cap rose from-80 mV in external cell layers (secretion cells) to approx.-140 mV in central cells (statocytes). Measurements of the electric input resistance within the apoplast of the root tip (calyptra, meristem and elongation zone) yielded a preference for longitudinal contact (resistance per length of tissue approx. 3.4 GOhm m(-1)) compared with transversal contact (approx. 14 GOhm m(-1)). Similarly, the symplastic coupling expressed as the characteristic length (L) where a signal is reduced to 1/c compared with the origin yielded L y =390 μm in the longitudinal (y) direction and L x =140 μm in the transversal (x) direction. Cable analytical treatment of the symplastic input resistances (approx. 10 MOhm) resulted in low membrane resistances in the y-direction at the ends of cells compared with the membrane resistances in the x-direction (approx. 0.2 Ohm m(2)) of the lateral membranes in the approximately cylindrical cells. This anisotropy is discussed in terms of model calculations. The resistivity of the symplast was calculated to be about 2.5 Ohm m. The input current-voltage relationship displayed a slight curvature with increasing slope for the more negative membrane potential typical of membranes with electrogenic pumps. Even after massive electrical stimulation in the range from-50 to-150mV carried out to trace current-voltage curves, electrical excitations (action potentials) were not detected in the cells investigated.