Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Vestibular System01:29

The Vestibular System

38.1K
The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
38.1K
Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

6.2K
The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
6.2K
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

2.7K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
2.7K
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

3.2K
Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
3.2K
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

1.5K
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
1.5K
Vision01:24

Vision

48.6K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
48.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hearing Loss From a Retained Dental Needle Traversing the Carotid Canal and Cochlea.

Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology·2024
Same author

Psychometrics of inertial heading perception.

Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation·2024
Same author

Effect of timing delay between visual and vestibular stimuli on heading perception.

Journal of neurophysiology·2021
Same author

A Protocol for Imaging of Cochlear Implantation.

Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology·2021
Same author

Common causation and offset effects in human visual-inertial heading direction integration.

Journal of neurophysiology·2020
Same author

Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome.

Seminars in neurology·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm
06:30

Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2020

5.1K

Human visual and vestibular heading perception in the vertical planes.

Benjamin T Crane1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 629, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA, craneb@gmail.com.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO
|November 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Heading estimation in vertical planes was studied using vestibular and visual motion. Vestibular heading stimuli showed overestimation of the horizontal component, while visual stimuli showed the opposite, with age impacting precision.

More Related Videos

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
07:24

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

654
Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
10:12

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

15.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm
06:30

Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2020

5.1K
Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
07:24

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

654
Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
10:12

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

15.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vestibular System
  • Human Perception

Background:

  • Heading estimation in vertical planes is understudied.
  • Otolith organ sensitivity is biased towards horizontal motion, potentially affecting vertical heading perception.
  • Lower thresholds for horizontal motion perception may bias heading estimates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate heading estimation in vertical planes (coronal and sagittal) using vestibular and visual stimuli.
  • To determine if otolith organ distribution influences heading perception biases.
  • To examine the effect of age on heading estimation precision and bias.

Main Methods:

  • 14 human subjects (ages 19-67) estimated heading in response to vestibular and visual motion stimuli.
  • Stimuli covered 360° of headings at 5° intervals in coronal and sagittal planes.
  • A vector addition model was used to analyze heading biases.

Main Results:

  • Vestibular stimuli resulted in overestimation of the horizontal heading component relative to the vertical component.
  • Visual stimuli showed a smaller bias in the opposite direction, overestimating the vertical component.
  • Older subjects (>50 years) exhibited significantly reduced precision and increased bias for vestibular conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The distribution of otolith organs explains observed heading biases in vestibular perception.
  • Age-related decline in end organ function, particularly for vertical motion sensitivity, accounts for decreased precision in older adults.
  • Heading estimation differs between vestibular and visual modalities, with age-related effects more pronounced in vestibular conditions.