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Underlying congenital heart disease in Nigerian children with pneumonia
1Department of Child Health, University of Benin/ University of Benin Teaching Hospital, PMB 1111, Benin City, Nigeria.
Insights
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is prevalent in children with pneumonia, increasing risks of heart failure and prolonged hospitalization. Early screening for CHD in pediatric pneumonia cases is recommended.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Pulmonology
- Medical Diagnostics
Background:
- Pneumonia significantly contributes to global childhood illness and death.
- Congenital heart disease (CHD) can increase susceptibility to bronchopneumonia in children.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the impact of congenital heart disease (CHD) on pediatric pneumonia cases in a tertiary hospital setting.
- To compare characteristics of children with pneumonia who have CHD versus those without.
Main Methods:
- Radiological diagnosis of pneumonia in children.
- Echocardiographic evaluation for congenital heart disease (CHD).
- Comparative analysis of clinical features and outcomes between children with and without CHD.
Main Results:
- 11.57% of children with pneumonia had congenital heart disease (CHD), with Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) being most common.
- Children with CHD were significantly more likely to present with heart failure and murmurs.
- Hospital stay was longer for children with pneumonia and CHD (11.50 days) compared to those without (7.38 days).
Conclusions:
- Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) exhibit a higher incidence of heart failure and murmurs when presenting with pneumonia.
- The study highlights a high prevalence of CHD among pediatric pneumonia patients, underscoring the need for routine CHD screening.
Background:
Pneumonia is a common cause of childhood morbidity and mortality globally. Some congenital heart disease (CHD) may predispose their sufferer to bronchopneumonia.
Objective:
To evaluate the contribution of CHD to pneumonia in children seen in a tertiary hospital.
Methods:
Over a year, consecutive children diagnosed radiologically with pneumonia were evaluated echocardiographically for CHD. Certain characteristics in children with pneumonia and CHD were compared to those without CHD.
Results:
There were 121 children with pneumonia of which 61(50.40%) were males and their mean age was 10.2 ± 10.93 months. The prevalence of CHD was 14(11.57%), the commonest CHD was ventricular septal defect (VSD) in 7(50.00%). Most of the CHD with septal defect had moderate to large defects. Children with CHD were 3 and 256 times more likely to have heart failure and murmur respectively compared to those without CHD, p = 0.084 and <0.0001. Children with CHD stayed longer in the hospital 11.50 ± 7.03 days than those without CHD 7.38 ± 5.34 days, p = 0.012.
Conclusion:
The children with CHD were more likely to have heart failure and murmur compared to those without CHD. Prevalence of CHD in children with pneumonia in this study is high, evaluation of children with pneumonia for CHD is therefore recommended.
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