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Comparative Analysis of Human Growth Hormone in Serum Using SPRi, Nano-SPRi and ELISA Assays

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Published on: January 7, 2016

Detecting growth hormone misuse in athletes.

Richard I G Holt¹

¹Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

|November 20, 2013

Summary

Athletes misuse human growth hormone (hGH) for performance enhancement. Detection methods now exist, measuring hGH isoforms or biomarkers like IGF-I and P-III-NP, aiding anti-doping efforts.

Keywords:

Athletes IGF-I P-III-NP clinical trial discriminant function growth hormone misuse performance

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Last Updated: May 5, 2026

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Published on: January 7, 2016

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Hydrogel Nanoparticle Harvesting of Plasma or Urine for Detecting Low Abundance Proteins

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Published on: August 7, 2014

Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Endocrinology
Anti-Doping Science

Background:

Human growth hormone (GH) misuse by athletes for anabolic and metabolic effects began in the early 1980s.
Debate continues on GH's performance-enhancing capabilities, though some studies indicate improved strength and sprint capacity, especially with anabolic steroids.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the challenges and methodologies for detecting GH misuse in athletes.
To highlight the approved methods for identifying GH doping.

Main Methods:

Detection approach 1: Measurement of pituitary GH isoforms and the 22-kDa isoform to total GH ratio.
Detection approach 2: Measurement of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (P-III-NP).

Main Results:

GH administration leads to dose-dependent increases in IGF-I and P-III-NP.
Both detection methodologies are World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) approved.
These methods have successfully identified athletes misusing GH.

Conclusions:

Effective detection strategies for GH misuse in sports are established.
Biomarker analysis provides a reliable means to combat GH doping in athletics.