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Related Concept Videos

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

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Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
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Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

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Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

36
Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
36
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

33
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor,...
33
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

49
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence...
49

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Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
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Adult primary hypoparathyroidism: A rare presentation.

Ashima Datey Chakrabarty1

  • 1Department of Pulmonology, Eesha Multispeciality Hospitals, Hyderabad, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|November 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Hypocalcemia, a rare cause of adult stridor, can result from acquired hypoparathyroidism. Early diagnosis and treatment of this uncommon cause of stridor can lead to a complete cure.

Area of Science:

  • Internal Medicine
  • Otolaryngology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Stridor in adults typically results from upper airway obstruction, tumors, or vocal cord dysfunction.
  • Laryngospasm due to hypocalcemia is an uncommon cause of stridor in adults, more frequently observed in neonates.

Observation:

  • A case of an elderly female presenting with stridor and laryngospasm is described.
  • The patient had acquired hypoparathyroidism and secondary hypocalcemia without typical risk factors like neck surgery or radiation.

Findings:

  • Literature review revealed few reported cases of acquired primary hypoparathyroidism in adults presenting solely with stridor.
  • This case highlights that common symptoms can arise from rare underlying conditions.

Implications:

Keywords:
Hypocalcemiaprimary hypoparathyroidismstridor

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  • The report emphasizes the importance of considering uncommon etiologies for stridor in adults.
  • Prompt diagnosis of hypocalcemia secondary to hypoparathyroidism can lead to a curable condition and resolution of stridor.